How do innovators move forward when resources, structures, and conditions limit what seems possible? Drawing on qualitative insights from 60 base of the pyramid (BOP) innovation projects, the study identifies key constraint-handling practices: micro-processes that shape how teams respond to challenges. It further shows how these practices interact with different types of constraints (goal vs. task), revealing dynamic cycles between effectuation and causation approaches rather than a strict choice between the two.
Authors and affiliations:
• Helene Doms (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)
• Matthias Weiss (Zeppelin University)
• Martin Hoegl (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)
